Herland.
1915.
New York; Penguin. 1999. 1-146.
★Gilman was the great-niece of Harriet Beecher Stowe (ix)
★From Gilman to Charles Walter Stetson: "As much as I love you I love WORK better, & I cannot make the two compatible. . . . I am meant to be useful & strong, to help many and do my share in the world's work, but not to be loved"
★Women and Economics (1898): "translated into seven languages, the book won Gilman international acclaim and established her as the authority on the relationship between female sexual oppression and economic dependence on men." (xi)
★Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward: 2000-1887の影響
★utopian romance/ "social motherhood"
★the Herlander children, who have no surnames since they are "all one family" (xiv)
★Anthropology的な手法—participant observation: Bachofen--Motherright との比較：Awakening論と繋げることも可能？"their primeval customs have survived" (9) "some kind of a matriarchate" (15)
★Parthenogenetic women, founding a new race: "There you have the start of Herland! One family, all descended from one mother! She lived to a hundred years old; lived to see her hundred and twenty-five great-granddaughters born" (58-59)
★Gender performativity: "This led me very promptly to the conviction that those 'feminine charms" we are so fond of are not feminine at all, but mere reflected masculinity--developed to please us because they had to please us, and in no way essential to the real fulfillment of their great process" (60)
★人口制限政策：優生学的な視点—性質のよくない女は子供を生めない: "negative Eugenics" (70); "the nearest approach to an aristocracy they had was to come of a line of "Over Mothers"--those who had been so honored (70); "Malthus and his fears" (70-71); "I think the reason our children are so--so fully loved, by all of us, is that we never--any of us--have enough of our own" (71): "a whole nation of starving mothers!": "We have, of course, made it our first business to train out, to breed out, when possible, the lowest type"(83)
★母性至上主義とナショナリズム：By motherhood they were born and by motherhood they lived--life was, to them, just the long cycle of motherhood. (61) "Here we have Human Motherhood--in full working use, . . . nothing else except the literal sisterhood of our origin, and the far higher and deeper union of our social growth" (67); "You see, we are Mothers" (67); "Conscious Makers of People. Mother-love with them was not a brute passion, a mere 'instinct,' a wholly personal feeling; it was--A Religion. It included that limitless feeling of sisterhood, that wide unity in service which was so difficult for us to grasp. And it was National. Racial, Human--I don't know how to say it"(69) : "We" and "we" and "we"--it was so hard to get her to be personal (125): "the family of nations" (141)
★性と家族の解体: "What is 'the home'?" Asked Somel a little wistfully. (62): There was no sex-feeling to appeal to, or practically none. Two thousand years' disuse had left very little of the instinct, also we must remember that those who had at times manifested it as atavistic exceptions were often, by that very fact, denied motherhood. (93): However much, or little, of true sex-feeling there was between us, it phrased itself in their minds in terms of friendship, the one purely personal love they knew(97): "I found that much, very much, of what I had honestly supposed to be a psychological necessity was a psychological necessity--or so I believed" (127)
